• Solar Energy
• Rational Organic Semiconductor Material Design A Pathway Towards Breakthrough Performance in Solar Cells
• Design and Fabrication of the First All-Carbon-Based Solar Cell
• Upconverting Electrodes for Improved Solar Energy Conversion
• Advanced Electron Transport Materials for Application in Organic Photovoltaics (OPV)
• Ultra-High Efficiency Thermophotovoltaic Solar Cells Using Metallic Photonic Crystals as Intermediate Absorber and Emitter
• Nanostructured Materials for High-Efficiency Thin Film Solar Cells
• Photon Enhanced Thermionic Emission (PETE) for Solar Concentrator Systems
• Hot Carrier Solar Cell: Implementation of the Ultimate Photovoltaic Converter
• Biomass Energy
• Synthesis of Biofuels on Bioelectrodes
• Capturing Electrical Current via Microbes to Produce Methane
• Efficient, Highly Productive Hydrogen Production From Glucose
• Novel Mutants Optimized for Lignin, Growth and Biofuel Production via Re-Mutagenesis
• The Climate-Protective Domain
• Efficient Biomass Conversion: Delineating the Best Lignin Monomer-Substitutes
• Advanced Combustion
• Combustion Testing and Analysis of an Extreme-States Approach to Low-Irreversibility Engines
• The Sootless Diesel: Use of In-Plume Fuel Transformation to Enable High-Load, High-Efficiency, Clean Combustion
• An Extreme Compression Approach to Low-Irreversibility Piston Engines
• CO₂ Capture
• Novel Ionic Liquids for Pre-Combustion CO₂ Capture
• New Materials and Processes for Energy-Efficient Carbon Capture in the Presence of Water Vapor
• Carbon-based Sorbents for Selective CO₂ Capture
• Advanced CO₂/H₂ Separation Materials Incorporating Active Functional Agents
• CO₂ Storage
• Multiphase Flow of CO₂ and Water in Reservoir Rocks
• Reactivity of CO₂ in the Subsurface
• Linking Chemical and Physical Effects of CO₂ Injection to Geophysical Parameters
• Collaborative Research on Carbon Sequestration in Saline Aquifers in China
• Advanced Materials and Catalysts
• Electrohydrogenation: Enabling Science for Renewable Fuels
• Using Simulations to Discover New Materials with Energy Conversion Applications
• Nature-Inspired Solid-State Electrocatalysts: The Oxidation of Water and the Reduction of CO₂ to Fuels
• Advanced Electric Grid
• Scalable and Flat Controls for Reliable Power Grid Operation with High Renewable Penetration
• Grid Storage
• Novel Electrolyte Energy Storage Systems
• A Novel Solid Oxide Flow Battery
• Safe, Inexpensive, and Very High Power Batteries For Use To Reduce Short Term Transients on the Electric Grid
• Low-Cost Flywheel Energy Storage
• Exploratory Efforts
• Exploratory Efforts

Completed Activities

• Solar Energy
• Plasmonic Photovoltaics
• Self-sorting of Metallic Carbon Nanotubes for High Performance Large Area Low Cost Transparent Electrodes
• Artificial Photosynthesis: Membrane-Supported Assemblies that Use Sunlight to Split Water
• Lateral Nanoconcentrator Nanowire Multijunction Photovoltaic Cells
• Molecular Solar Cells
• Advanced Materials and Devices for Low-Cost and High-Performance Organic Photovoltaic Cells
• Inorganic Nanocomposite Solar Cells by ALD
• Nanostructured Silicon-Based Tandem Solar Cells
• Photosynthetic Bioelectricity
• Nanostructured Metal-Organic Composite Solar Cells
• Ordered Bulk Heterojunction Photovoltaic Cells
• Biomass Energy
• Assembly of a Lignin Modification Toolbox
• Towards New Degradable Lignin Types
• Microbial Synthesis of Biodiesel
• Directed Evolution of Novel Yeast Species
• Genetic Engineering of Cellulose Accumulation
• Hydrogen
• C-H Bonds in Carbon Nanotubes as an Energy Carrier
• Direct Solar Biohydrogen
• Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Ceramic Materials for Fuel Cells
• Atomic Force Microscopy Measurements of PEM Fuel Cells Processes
• Nanomaterials Engineering for Hydrogen Storage
• Hydrogen Effects on Climate, Stratospheric Ozone, and Air Pollution
• Biohydrogen Generation
• Micro- and Nano-Scale Electrochemistry Applied to Fuel Cells
• Monitoring Bioconversion Processes
• Advanced Combustion
• Low Exergy Loss Chemical Engines
• Optimization of Synthetic Oxygenated Fuels
• Sensors for Advanced Combustion Systems
• Coal and Biomass Char Reactivity
• Development of Low-Irreversibility Engines
• Controlled Combustion
• Process Informatics
• CO₂ Capture
• Advanced Membrane Reactors for Carbon-Free Fossil Fuel Conversion
• Development of Innovative Gas Separation Membranes
• CO₂ Storage
• Experimental Investigations of Multiphase Flow and Trapping of CO₂ in Saline Aquifers
• Geologic Storage of CO₂ in Coal Beds
• A Numerical Simulation Framework for CO₂ Sequestration
• Geophysical Monitoring of Geologic Sequestration
• Seal Capacity of Potential CO₂ Sequestration Sites
• Rapid Prediction of Subsurface CO₂ Movement
• Advanced Materials and Catalysts
• Nanoscale Architectural Engineering for High Performance Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
• The Electron Economy: Oxidation Catalysis for Energy Management
• Metal Oxide Nanotubes and Photo-Excitation Effects: New Approaches for Low-to-Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
• Electrocatalysis with Discrete Transition Metal Complexes
• Advanced Coal
• Coal Energy Conversion with Aquifer-Based Carbon Sequestration
• Advanced Transportation
• High-Energy Organic Battery Electrodes
• Battery Electrodes with Nanowire Architectures
• A Quantum Leap Forward for Li-Ion Battery Cathodes
• Integrated Assessment
• Technology Potential of Biofuels: Feasibility Assessment
• Integrated Assessment of Technology Options
• Exploratory Efforts
• Exploratory Efforts

• Advanced Nuclear Energy
• Other Renewables